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Does Diet Really Influence ADHD?
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder, meaning that the brain functions differently. ADHD affects 4 to 6% of adults and 5 to 7% of children. People with ADHD have more difficulty than average regulating their attention and concentration. They may also find it more difficult to control their emotions. In children, ADHD leads to learning and behavioral difficulties.
The main treatments are medication and psychotherapeutic approaches. Medication does not cure ADHD; rather, it works by alleviating many of its symptoms. These medications have been improved since they first appeared on the market over 70 years ago. They now require only one daily dose with extended-release formulations. Psychotherapeutic approaches can be used with or without medication. These may include cognitive behavioral therapy, coaching, or mindfulness. Healthy lifestyle habits can also be beneficial, such as regular physical activity (cardio), good sleep hygiene, and a healthy, balanced diet.
ADHD and Diet
The link between ADHD and diet raises many questions. This article aims to answer them by presenting evidence on the subject.
True or false?
« Sugar causes ADHD » → FALSE
Sugar does not appear to be the cause of ADHD. However, high sugar consumption can exacerbate restlessness or mood swings. A meta-analysis showed a positive correlation between overall sugar consumption, particularly sugary drinks, and ADHD symptoms in children aged 7 and older. However, further high-quality studies are needed to clarify and confirm the effect of sugar on ADHD. It is possible that other substances present in sugary drinks also play a role.
« Artificial food colorings worsen ADHD symptoms » → PARTLY TRUE
A 2012 meta-analysis suggests some effect in sensitive children, but this is not widespread. Up to 8% of the children studied exhibited symptoms related to food coloring, but the cause of this response remains unclear. The evidence is too weak to make official recommendations, but identifying predictive factors could be a therapeutic avenue for some children. Again, further studies are needed to elucidate the link between food coloring and ADHD as information sources are inconsistent and sample sizes are small.
Author
A University of Montreal graduate and holding a Master's Degree in Medical Research from Griffith University in Australia, Tracy is a Registered Dietitian and active member of the Ordre professionnel des Diététistes Nutritionnistes du Québec (ODNQ). She holds the Monash University's certification for the FODMAP diet and IBS. With more than 15 years of experience, she likes to share her knowledge about food in a simple and illustrated way in order to support you in achieving your health goals. Her approach combines the pleasure of eating, intuitive eating and mindfulness. Tracy specializes in adapted nutrition for chronic diseases, weight loss, gastrointestinal health, vegetarianism and veganism.
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